Modular strap mount for solar panels

ABSTRACT

A method and apparatus for mounting a solar collector panel by itself or supported within a frame, to a surface comprising: a strap assembly, a first attachment device attached to and between the panel or frame and the strap assembly; and a second attachment means for attaching the strap assembly to the surface. The strap assembly comprises a plurality of straps attached end to end. The first attachment device could be a bolt, a screw, adhesive, etc. Alternatively, there could be a support between the panel or frame and the strap assembly. The second attachment means may be: a nail, a spike, adhesive, bolting to a stud attached to the surface, welding, ballast, adhesive tape or combinations of these.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser.No. 14/811,607, entitled “MODULAR STRAP MOUNT FOR SOLAR PANELS”, filedon Jul. 28, 2015, which is a Continuation of PCT Patent Application No.PCT/US2013/025622 filed 11 Feb. 2013, the entire specification, claimsand drawings of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION (1) Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to the field of solar panels and moreparticularly to apparatuses and methods for mounting solar panels onsurfaces, including roofs, walls and the ground.

(2) Description of the Related Art

Solar panels can be of the photovoltaic type of the thermal type orcombinations. They can be installed as is or contained within a frame.Solar panels must be mounted correctly in order to maximize powerproduction and to prevent movement of the panels from the force of wind.The proper solar panel mounting provides stability and the properdirectional and latitudinal orientation for the solar array.

Different mounting systems are available depending on whether themodules will be mounted on a roof, a wall, the ground, or a pole. Formounting on a roof or the ground there are ballast mounts, flush mounts(such as Modular IronRidge XRS available from IronRidge in Willits,Calif.) standing seams mounts, and adjustable mounts (such as thoseavailable from Unirac in Albuquerque, N. Mex.). These usually include atilted rack, firmly attached to the substrate surface, on which themodules are firmly mounted; or brackets of at least two differentheights, firmly attached to the substrate surface, to which the ends ofthe modules are firmly attached.

Such systems are heavy and expensive to fabricated and time consuming toinstall. What is needed is a mounting system which is cheaper tofabricate and less time consuming to install. Preferably the improvedsystem can be easily fabricated on site or provided as a kit. Theinventor has developed two improvements on the state of the art: U.S.Pat. No. 7,814,899 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/038,286, theentire texts and drawings of which are included in this document byreference.

This inventor has now developed another improvement on the state of theart. Development of a solar panel mounting system which is cheaper tofabricate and less time consuming to install represents a greatimprovement in the field of solar panel mounting and satisfies a longfelt need of the solar panel installer and owner.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention is an apparatus for mounting a solar collector panel(photovoltaic, thermal or combination), by itself or supported within aframe, to a surface comprising: a strap assembly, a first attachmentdevice attached to and between the panel or frame and the strapassembly; and a second attachment means for attaching the strap assemblyto the surface. The strap assembly further comprises a plurality ofstraps attached end to end.

This invention is also a method of mounting a solar collector panel byitself or supported within a frame, to a surface, comprising the stepsof: providing a plurality of straps; attaching the straps together endto end to make a strap assembly; attaching the panel or frame and thestrap assembly to each other; and attaching the strap assembly to thesurface.

The first attachment device could be a bolt, a screw, adhesive, etc.Alternatively, there could be a support between the panel or frame andthe strap assembly. Preferably the support has a top flange and a bottomflange. The top flange may be parallel to the surface of at an angle tothe surface. There may be two supports and one may be taller than theother. Furthermore, the length of the support or supports may be widerthan the straps and sufficient to span the entire width or length of thesolar panel and frame assembly.

Preferably each end of each strap is drilled (and even more preferablypredrilled) with a hole pattern through which the straps are attachedend to end. Also, preferably, the bottom flange of the support has thesame hole pattern drilled into it so that the bottom flange can beattached to two strap ends at the same time and with the same fasteners.Additionally the straps may have different widths.

The means for attaching the strap assembly to the surface may be: anail, a spike, adhesive, bolting to a stud attached to the surface,welding, ballast, adhesive tape or combinations of these.

Alternatively, the support may comprise a U shaped channel having a baseand an opening opposite the base. In this case the base is attached tothe strap assembly. Preferably, the solar panel or the panel and frameassembly is clamped to the top of the channel by fastening together witha threaded fastener a plate slidably installed, parallel to the base inthe channel; and a clip, adapted to clamp to the frame, placed on theframe, transverse to the frame, over a top edge of the frame at a sideof the frame.

While the present invention is described herein with reference toillustrative embodiments for particular applications, it should beunderstood that the invention is not limited thereto. Those havingordinary skill in the art and access to the teachings provided hereinwill recognize additional modifications, applications, and embodimentswithin the scope thereof and additional fields in which the presentinvention would be of significant utility.

An appreciation of the other aims and objectives of the presentinvention and a more complete and comprehensive understanding of it maybe achieved by referring to the accompanying drawings and studying thefollowing description of the best mode of carrying out the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a strap of this invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of two straps assembled into a strap pack inaccordance with this invention.

FIGS. 3A to 3D illustrate different hole patterns that can be made inthe ends of the straps.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the taller bracket used for flat roofinstallations of this invention.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the shorter bracket used for flat roofinstallations of this invention.

FIG. 6A is a side view of two units of the embodiment of this inventiontypically intended for installation on a flat roof.

FIG. 6B is a perspective view of two units of the embodiment of thisinvention typically intended for installation on a flat roof.

FIG. 6C is a perspective, exploded view of two units of the embodimentof this invention typically intended for installation on a flat roof.

FIG. 7 is a magnified view of the attachment between a bracket and thesolar panel and the bracket and a modular straps.

FIG. 8 illustrates in exploded view assembly of a bracket with twomodular straps.

FIG. 8A is a magnified view of the assembly of FIG. 8 fully assembled.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a flat roof installation of thisinvention in which the modular strap assemblies are held down withballast.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing attachment of modular straps usedin a flat roof installation with nails, spikes or screws.

FIG. 10A is a magnified view of FIG. 10 showing the fastener through ahole in the strap assembly.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a flat roof installation of thisinvention in which the modular strap assemblies are held down withadhesive.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a flat roof installation of thisinvention in which the modular strap assemblies are held down withstuds.

FIG. 12A is an exploded, magnified, perspective view of a flat roofinstallation of this invention in which the modular strap assemblies areheld down with studs.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a flat roof installation of thisinvention in which the modular strap assemblies are held down bywelding.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of an array of multiple solar panelsinstalled on a flat roof with the mounting system of the instantinvention.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a mounting channel used in thisinvention.

FIG. 16 is an exploded perspective view of attachment of the solar panelto the modular strap via the channel.

FIG. 17 is a cross sectional view along the lines 17-17 of FIG. 16.

FIG. 17A is cross section showing an alternate way of attaching panelsdirectly to the strap assemblies using the clip and bolt clampingassembly.

FIG. 17B is cross section showing another alternate way of attachingpanels directly to the strap assemblies.

FIG. 18 is a plan view of one solar panel installed on modular straps ona flat or tilted roof in accordance with the teachings of this inventionin which the ends of the solar panel are installed to overlay one halfthe width of the modular strap and the channels are transverse to thestrap assemblies.

FIG. 18A is perspective view of three solar panels installed on modularstraps on a flat or tilted roof in accordance with the teachings of thisinvention in which the ends of the solar panels are installed to overlayone half the width of the modular strap and the channels are parallel tothe strap assemblies.

FIG. 19 is an enlarged perspective view of the area shown at 19 on FIG.18A.

FIG. 20 is an exploded, perspective view showing a method of attaching amodular strap to a flat or tilted roof using a spike or similarfastener.

FIG. 21 is a perspective view showing a method of attaching a modularstrap to a flat or tilted roof using adhesive.

FIG. 22 is a perspective view of a method of attaching a modular strapto a flat or flat or tilted roof using a stud and bolt.

FIG. 22A is an enlarged cross section along the lines 22A-22A of FIG. 22

FIG. 23 is an expanded perspective view of a method of attaching amodular strap to a flat or tilted roof using welding.

FIG. 23A is a top view of a method of holding a modular strap to a flator tilted roof using ballast.

FIG. 24 is a plan view of two solar panels installed on modular strapson a flat or tilted roof in accordance with the teachings of thisinvention in which the solar panels are installed end to end, and thejoints between modular straps are located between the solar panels.

FIG. 25 is a plan view of two solar panels installed on modular strapson a flat or tilted roof in accordance with the teachings of thisinvention in which the solar panels are installed side to side and themodular straps are under the solar panels.

FIGS. 26A-26C illustrate that strap packs can be installed at differingseparations.

FIG. 27 is a perspective view of one unit of the instant inventionhaving modular straps of two different widths and in which one bracketextends from one strap to the other.

FIG. 28 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the instant inventionhaving modular straps of two different widths.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

While the present invention is described herein with reference toillustrative embodiments for particular applications, it should beunderstood that the invention is not limited thereto. Those havingordinary skill in the art and access to the teachings provided hereinwill recognize additional modifications, applications, and embodimentswithin the scope thereof and additional fields in which the presentinvention would be of significant utility.

This invention 10 has two major embodiments: one 10 a that is intendedprimarily to be attached to a flat surface 14, such as a roof or wall;and one that is intended to be attached primarily to a tilted surface18, such as a peaked roof. However, in fact, either embodiment can beattached to a flat 14 or tilted 18 surface. As described in U.S. Pat.No. 7,814,899, solar panels 22 may be retained within a frame 24 (asshown in FIG. 7), which has a number of holes useful for mounting.

FIG. 1 illustrates the modular strap 28 of this invention. It is made ofthin sheet material such as steel or aluminum, preferably ⅛ inch thick.A number of these straps are attached together end 30 a to end 30 b asshown in FIG. 2 to form a strap assembly 32. Fastening can be done bynuts and bolts, screws, rivets or blind fasteners, such as Jo-Bolts, poprivets, Huck bolts, etc. To facilitate assembly of the straps 28 one toanother they are preferably predrilled with a hole pattern 36 at eachend as illustrated in FIGS. 3A through 3C. Since only two holes areneeded to produce a secure connection, the pattern 36 b shown in 3Ballows for the straps 28 to be connected together to make slightadjustment in the total length of the strap assembly 32. As shown inFIG. 3D two or more of the holes 40 could actually be slots 44 whichallows for some margin of error in assembly.

In the flat surface embodiment 10 a, attached to the top 48 a of thestraps are one or two brackets 52 a, 52 b as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. Ascan be seen they each have a bottom flange 56 a, 56 b, a top flange 60a, 60 b and a central body 64 a, 64 b. In these brackets 52 a, 52 b thebodies 64 a, 64 b have a C shaped cross section but they could be Zshaped or I shaped or any other cross sectional shape. As can be seen,when two brackets 52 a, 52 b are used, preferably one bracket 52 a istaller than the other 52 b. As shown in FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C, the tallerone 52 a is attached to the strap assembly 32 at a point which will beclose to the end of the solar panel frame 24 which is intended to behigher and the shorter one 52 b is attached to the strap assembly at apoint which will be close to the other end of the solar panel frame. Thebrackets 52 are attached to the strap assemblies 32 through their bottomflanges 56. Again fastening can be done by nuts and bolts, screws,rivets or blind fasteners, such as Jo-Bolts, pop rivets, Huck bolts,etc. 68. Then the solar panel frame 24 is clamped to the top flange 60of the brackets 52, preferably using the teachings of U.S. Pat. No.7,814,899. FIG. 7 illustrates assembly of the clip 76 to the top flange56 of the bracket 52 except that one panel 22, its frame 24 and theadjustable fastener is not shown.

In order to simplify assembly and reduce labor and material costs, atleast one bracket 52 and two strap ends 30 can be attached together withthe same fasteners 68 at the same time. This is illustrated in FIGS. 8and 8A. Of course the bottom flange 56 of the bracket 52 must beprovided with the same hole pattern 36 as that on the strap ends 30 orat least a hole pattern 36 that will mate with the hole pattern 36 inthe strap end 30.

Various devices and methods can be used to fasten the strap assemblies32 to surfaces 14, 18, depending on the inclination of the surface 14,18 and the material it is made out of. These are illustrated in FIGS. 9,10, 10A, 11, 12, 12A and 13.

FIG. 9, illustrates ballast 80. The ballast 80 can be any object madeout of a weighty material. Satisfactory objects are bricks, blocks ofconcrete, blocks of metal, etc. The ballast 80 can be contained within acontainer 84 for convenience and to span the distance between strapassemblies 32. The objects 80 and/or the container 84 can be just placedon the strap assemblies 32 or can also be fastened to the strapassemblies 32.

FIGS. 10 and 10A illustrate use of pointed fasteners 88 such as nails,spikes, or screws. They are fastened into the substrate 14, 18 throughholes 92 in the strap assemblies 32. The holes 92 may be predrilled forconvenience.

FIG. 11 illustrates use of adhesive 96 to adhere the strap assemblies 32to the substrate 14, 18. Any suitable adhesive 96 can be used. It may becatalyzed, in liquid or tape form or any other suitable configuration.

FIGS. 12 and 12A illustrate the use of threaded studs 100 for fasteningdown the strap assemblies 32. The studs pass through holes 92 in theassemblies 32 and the straps 28 are fastened to the studs 100 with nuts104. The studs 100 must be pre-joined to the substrate 14, 18 such aswith inserts or, as illustrated, in FIG. 12A by fastening a plate 108trapped on the stud 100 to the substrate 14, 18. Again this plate 108may be fastened to the substrate via any suitable method such as nailsor adhesive.

FIG. 13 illustrates use of welding for fastening down the strapassemblies 32. In this method, a strip of roofing material 112 is laidover the strap assembly and bonded to the underlying roof material.

FIG. 14 shows an array of solar panels 22 constructed on a flat surface14 in accordance with the teachings of this invention.

FIG. 15 shows the channel 116 which is used to mount solar panels tostrap assemblies 32 on flat or tilted substrates 18, e.g. pitched roofs.First the channel 116, which may be predrilled, is fastened to the strapassembly 32. The hole pattern 36 c shown in FIG. 3C is most useful forthis purpose since the channel 116 can be mounted parallel with ortransverse to the strap assembly 32 as required.

FIG. 16 shows an assembly of solar panels 22 to straps 28 using thechannel 116 transverse to the strap assembly 32. In FIG. 16 thefasteners are not shown for clarity of understanding.

FIG. 17 is a cross section of this assembly showing the fasteners. Thechannel 116 is fastened through its bottom 120 to the strap assembly 32.A clip 76 goes over the top edge of one or two solar panel frames 24.The channel 116 has slots or grooves 124 on each side 128 in which aplate 132 can slide. There is a central through hole 136 perpendicularlythrough the clip 76 and the plate has a threaded hole 140 in its center.A threaded bolt 144 is inserted through the through hole 136 andfastened into the threaded hole 140. Tightening the bolt 144 firmlyclamps the solar panel frames 24 to the channel 116. FIG. 18 illustratesan assembly of a solar panel 22 to strap assemblies 32 with transversechannels 116. FIG. 18A illustrates assembly of several solar panels 22.

The solar panels 22 or the frames 24 can be attached directly to thestraps 28. Alternate was of doing this are shown in FIGS. 17A and 17B.FIG. 17A shows use of a clip and bolt to clamp the panel 22 to the strap28. A threaded insert 118 is inserted into the straps and receives thethreaded end of the bolt 144. Tightening the bolt 144 into the insert118 clamps the panels 22 to the straps 28. FIG. 17B shows an alternatemethod. In this method the straps 28 are bolted or screwed to theunderside of the panel 22. Those familiar with the art to which thisinvention applies will realize that other methods can also be used.

FIG. 19 shows an assembly of solar panels 22 to straps 28 using thechannel 116 parallel to the strap assembly 32. In FIG. 19 the fastenersare not shown but they are the same as shown on FIG. 17.

Various devices and methods can be used to fasten the strap assembliesof this embodiment to surfaces, depending on the inclination of thesurface and the material it is made out of. These are illustrated inFIGS. 20, 21, 22, 22A, 23 and 23A.

FIG. 20 illustrates use of pointed fasteners 88 such as nails, spikes orscrews. They are fastened into the substrate 18 through holes 92 in thestrap assemblies 32. The holes 92 may be predrilled for convenience.

FIG. 21 illustrates use of adhesive 96 to adhere the strap assemblies 32to the substrate 18. Any suitable adhesive 96 can be used. It may becatalyzed, in liquid or tape form or any other suitable configuration.

FIGS. 22 and 22A illustrate the use of threaded studs 100 for fasteningdown the strap assemblies 32. The studs 100 pass through holes 92 in theassemblies 32 and the straps 28 are fastened to the studs 100 with nuts104. The studs 100 must be pre-joined to the substrate 18 such as withinserts or, as illustrated, in FIG. 12A by fastening a plate 108 trappedon the stud 100 to the substrate 18. Again this plate 108 may befastened to the substrate 18 via any suitable method such as nails oradhesive.

FIG. 23 illustrates use of welding for fastening down the strapassemblies 32. In this method, a strip of roofing material 112 is laidover the strap assembly 32 and bonded to the underlying roof material.

Depending on the exact slope, ballast 80 can also be used to hold downthe strap assemblies 32. The ballast 80 would have to be insertedbetween the panels, as shown on FIG. 23A.

There are a number of variations that can be applied to assemblies inaccordance with this invention. As shown on FIG. 24, the straps 28 canbe fastened to each other between solar panels 22, 24. As illustrated onFIGS. 24 and 25 the solar panels 22, 24 can be assembled end to end orside to side. As illustrated on FIGS. 26, 26A and 26B, the distance Dbetween strap assemblies 32 can be varied. As illustrated on FIG. 27 thebrackets 56 can extend all the way across the solar panel 22 from strapassembly 32 to strap assembly. As illustrated on FIGS. 27 and 28, thestraps 28, 28 a in an assembly 32 can be of different widths.

The following reference numbers are used on the Figures:

-   -   10 this invention    -   10 a embodiment intended to be attached to flat surfaces    -   10 b embodiment intended to be attached to flat or tilted        surfaces    -   14 flat surface    -   18 flat or tilted surface    -   22 solar panel    -   24 solar panel frame    -   28 modular strap    -   30 a one end of modular strap    -   30 b other end of modular strap    -   32 strap assembly    -   36 hole pattern    -   40 holes in hole pattern    -   44 slots in hole pattern    -   48 a top of strap    -   52 bracket    -   52 a taller bracket    -   52 b shorter bracket    -   56 bottom flange of bracket    -   56 a bottom flange of taller bracket    -   56 b bottom flange of shorter bracket    -   60 top flange of bracket    -   60 a top flange of taller bracket    -   60 b bottom flange of taller bracket    -   64 bracket body    -   64 a body of taller bracket    -   64 b body of shorter bracket    -   68 fastener    -   76 clip    -   80 ballast    -   84 ballast container    -   88 pointed fastener    -   92 hole in strap assembly    -   96 adhesive    -   100 threaded stud    -   104 nut    -   108 fastening plate    -   112 strip of roofing material    -   116 mounting channel    -   118 threaded insert    -   124 slot or groove in side of channel    -   128 side of channel    -   132 plate    -   136 central through hole in clip    -   140 threaded hole in center of plate    -   144 threaded bolt    -   148 threaded bolt    -   152 screw    -   D distance between strap assemblies

This invention has been described with reference to a particularembodiments and variations. However, it should be obvious to thoseskilled in the art to which this invention pertains that othermodifications and enhancements can be made without departing from thespirit and scope of the claims that follow.

Thus, the present invention has been described herein with reference toparticular embodiments for particular applications. Those havingordinary skill in the art and access to the present teachings willrecognize additional modifications, applications and embodiments withinthe scope thereof.

It is therefore intended by the appended claims to cover any and allsuch applications, modifications and embodiments within the scope of thepresent invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of mounting a solar collector panel or asolar collector panel mounted within a frame to a surface comprising thesteps of: a) providing a plurality of straps, each having afull-thickness end; b) attaching said straps together end overlappingend in a straight line, adjacent their ends; c) providing a support ofrectangular cross section having a top flange and a bottom flange; saidflanges being in line with said straight line; d) providing a firstattaching means; e) attaching said top flange directly to said panel orsaid frame with said first attaching means; f) providing a secondattaching means; g) attaching said strap assembly to said surface withsaid second attaching means; h) providing a third attaching means; i)attaching said bottom flange to said strap assembly with said thirdattaching means.
 2. A method as claimed in claim 1 in which said topflange is parallel to said surface.
 3. A method as claimed in claim 1 inwhich said top flange is at an angle to said surface.
 4. A method asclaimed in claim 1 in which said support comprises a first support and asecond support spaced apart from each other.
 5. A method as claimed inclaim 1 in which a height of said first support is greater than a heightof said second support.
 6. A method as claimed in claim 1 in which alength of said support is greater than the width of said strap.
 7. Amethod as claimed in claim 1 in which said straps have different widths.8. A method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising the steps of: a)drilling a hole pattern adjacent said end; and b) attaching said strapsto each other through said hole pattern.
 9. A method as claimed in claim8 further comprising the steps of: a) drilling said hole pattern in saidbottom flange; and b) additionally attaching said bottom flange to saidends of two of said straps through said hole pattern in said bottomflange.
 10. A method as claimed in claim 2 in which said secondattaching means is selected from the group comprising nailing, adhering,bolting, weighing down with ballast, and combinations of these.
 11. Amethod as claimed in claim 2 in which said third attaching means isselected from the group comprising screwing, bolting, riveting andfastening with blind fastener.
 12. A method as claimed in claim 2 inwhich said first attaching means comprises a clip, adapted to clamp tosaid panel or said frame, placed on, transverse to, over a top edge of,and at a side of said panel or said frame; in which said method furthercomprises fastening said clip and said top flange to each other so thatsaid panel or said frame is clamped to said top flange.
 13. A method ofmounting a solar collector panel or a solar collector panel mountedwithin a frame to a surface comprising the steps of: a) providing aplurality of straps, each having an end; b) attaching said strapstogether end overlapping end; c) providing a first attaching means; saidfirst attaching means being selected from the group comprising afastener and adhesive; d) attaching said one of said panel and saidframe directly to said strap assembly with said first attaching means e)providing a second attaching means; and f) attaching said strap assemblyto said surface with said second attaching means.
 14. A method asclaimed in claim 13 in which said straps have different widths.
 15. Amethod as claimed in claim 13 further comprising the steps of: a)drilling a hole pattern adjacent said end; and b) attaching said strapsto each other through said hole pattern.
 16. A method as claimed inclaim 13 in which said second attaching means is selected from the groupcomprising nailing, adhering, bolting, weighing down with ballast, andcombinations of these.
 17. A method of mounting a solar collector panelor a solar collector panel mounted within a frame to a surfacecomprising the steps of: a) providing a plurality of straps, each havinga full thickness end; attaching said straps together end overlappingend; b) providing a U-shaped channel having a base and an openingopposite said base; c) attaching said base to said strap assembly; d)providing a first attaching means; e) attaching said one of said paneland said frame to said U-shaped channel with said first attaching meansf) providing a second attaching means; and g) attaching said strapassembly to said surface with said second attaching means.
 18. A methodas claimed in claim 17 in which said first attaching means is selectedfrom the group comprising a fastener and adhesive.
 19. A method asclaimed in claim 17 in which said straps have different widths.
 20. Amethod as claimed in claim 17 further comprising the steps of: a)drilling a hole pattern adjacent said end; and b) attaching said strapsto each other through said hole pattern.
 21. A method as claimed inclaim 17 in which said second attaching means is selected from the groupcomprising nailing, adhering, bolting, weighing down with ballast, andcombinations of these.
 22. A method as claimed in claim 17 in which saidfirst attaching means comprises a clip, adapted to clamp to said panelor said frame, placed on, transverse to, over a top edge of, and at aside of said panel or said frame; in which said method further comprisesfastening said clip and channel to each other so that said panel or saidframe is clamped to said channel.
 23. A method as claimed in claim 22 inwhich said U-shaped channel further comprises: a) a plate adapted to fitslidably in said channel, parallel to said base; and b) a clip, adaptedto clamp to said panel or said frame, placed on said panel or saidframe, transverse to said panel or said frame, over a top edge of saidpanel or said frame at a side of said panel or said frame; in which saidmethod further comprises the step of fastening said clip and said plateto each other so that said panel or said frame is clamped to saidchannel.
 24. A method as claimed in claim 17 in which said thirdattaching means is selected from the group comprising screwing, bolting,riveting and fastening with blind fasteners.